E3330 (Synonyms: APX 3330)

E3330 is a small-molecule inhibitor of apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox effector factor (APE1/Ref-1) redox domain function (IC50, 50 µmol/L) ^[1,2].

E3330(10-30 µM, 72h) inhibits not only the growth but also the migratory abilities of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro ^[1].The co-incubation of E3330(30 µM, 3 h ) and cisplatin (5-20 µM, 72 h) significantly decreased cell viability compared to cisplatin alone in the human NSCLC cell line H1975 ^[3]. E3330 treatment prevented the functional activation of NF-κB via the alteration of APE1 subcellular trafficking and reduced IL-6 and IL-8 expression induced by TNF-α ^[4]. E3330 clearly suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6) and IL-12 and inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells ^[5].

E3330 (10-100 mg/kg, oral) treatment 1 hr after galactosamine challenge attenuated the liver injury. E3330 was effective when administered p.o. 6 or 12 hr after galactosamine challenge in the galactosamine-induced hepatitis model in F344 rats ^[6]. The injection of TNF in combination with galactosamine resulted in severe liver injury. Oral pretreatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of E3330 30 min prior to the injection of galactosamine/TNF significantly attenuated the increase in plasma L-alanine aminotransferase and L-aspartate aminotransferase activities ^[7]. The estimated half-life (t1/2) of E3330 was 3.7 hours in mice ^[2].

References:
[1]. Zou G M, Maitra A. Small-molecule inhibitor of the AP endonuclease 1/REF-1 E3330 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration[J]. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2008, 7(7): 2012-2021.
[2]. Fishel M L, Colvin E S, Luo M, et al. Inhibition of the redox function of APE1/Ref-1 in myeloid leukemia cell lines results in a hypersensitive response to retinoic acid-induced differentiation and apoptosis[J]. Experimental hematology, 2010, 38(12): 1178-1188.
[3]. Manguinhas R, Fernandes A S, Costa J G, et al. Impact of the APE1 redox function inhibitor E3330 in non-small cell lung cancer cells exposed to cisplatin: increased cytotoxicity and impairment of cell migration and invasion[J]. Antioxidants, 2020, 9(6): 550.
[4]. Cesaratto L, Codarin E, Vascotto C, et al. Specific inhibition of the redox activity of ape1/ref-1 by e3330 blocks tnf-α-induced activation of IL-8 production in liver cancer cell lines[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8): e70909.
[5]. Jedinak A, Dudhgaonkar S, Kelley M R, et al. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 regulates inflammatory response in macrophages[J]. Anticancer research, 2011, 31(2): 379-385.
[6]. Nagakawa J, Hirota K, Hishinuma I, et al. Protective effect of E3330, a novel quinone derivative, in galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats[J]. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1993, 264(1): 496-500.
[7]. Nagakawa J, Hishinuma I, Hirota K, et al. Protective effects of E3330, a novel quinone derivative, on galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-α-induced hepatitis in mice[J]. European journal of pharmacology, 1992, 229(1): 63-67.