Clevidipine Butyrate (Synonyms: rac-Clevidipine)

Clevidipine is a short-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist (IC50= 7.1 nM, V(H) = -40 mV ) under development for treatment of perioperative hypertension.IC50 Value: 7.1 nM at V(H) = -40 mV [1]Target: calcium channelin vitro: Both clevidipine and nitroglycerin completely reversed U46619-induced contraction (clevidipine (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 3.88 +/- 0.84 x 10(-6) mol/L, nitroglycerin EC50 = 4.84 +/- 2.76 x 10(-8) mol/L) [2]. A decrease in temperature increased the half-life of clevidipine in blood, whereas dilution of the blood did not affect the in vitro half-life of clevidipine. The albumin concentration affected the hydrolysis rate of clevidipine in RBC suspended with saline [3].in vivo: Clevidipine is a high-clearance drug with a relatively small volume of distribution, resulting in an extremely short half-life in all species studied. The median initial half-life of the individual value (Bayesian estimates) is 12, 20, and 22 s in the rabbit, rat, and dog, respectively [4]. The extremely high clearance value and the small volume of distribution resulted in short half-lives of clevidipine, 2.2 and 16.8 min, respectively. The blood concentration and dose rate producing half the maximal effect (i.e. EC50 and ED50) were approximately 25 nM and 1.5 microg/kg/min, respectively [5].Clinical trial: CARVE: Clevidipine for Vasoreactivity Evaluation of the Pulmonary Arterial Bed. Phase 4

References:
[1]. Yi X, Vivien B, Lynch C 3rd. Clevidipine blockade of L-type Ca2+ currents: steady-state and kinetic electrophysiological studies in guinea pigventricular myocytes.
[2]. Huraux C, Makita T, Szlam F, The vasodilator effects of clevidipine on human internal mammary artery. Anesth Analg. 1997 Nov;85(5):1000-4.
[3]. Ericsson H, et al. In vitro hydrolysis rate and protein binding of clevidipine, a new ultrashort-acting calcium antagonist metabolised by esterases, in different animal species and man. Eur J Pharm Sci. 1999 Apr;8(1):29-37.
[4]. Ericsson H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of new calcium channel antagonist clevidipine in the rat, rabbit, and dog and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in anesthetized dogs. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 May;27(5):558-64.
[5]. Schwieler JH, et al. Circulatory effects and pharmacology of clevidipine, a novel ultra short acting and vascular selective calcium antagonist, in hypertensive humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999 Aug;34(2):268-74.