CFDA-SE (Synonyms: 5(6)Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, 5(6)-CFDA N-succinmidyl ester)

CFDA-SE, full name carboxycein diacetate, Succinimidyl Ester, with cell membrane permeability, is a fluorescent dye CFDA-SE widely used for viable cell tracing or cell proliferation detection^[1].The fluorescence of CFDA-SE -labeled cells was very uniform and stable, and the fluorescence could be evenly distributed to the two progeny cells ^[2]. CFDA-SE can deliver strong green fluorescence,Ex=494 nm,Em=521nm.

In Human erythroleukaemic cell line K562, and other cell lines, although all cells are labeled with relatively high fluorescence intensity by CFDA-SE, the efficiency of labeling is highly variable^[3].Electron dense vesicles are seen at the ultrastructural level in labeled cells. Discrete vesicular labeling can also be observed in whole cell mounts viewed with fluorescence microscopy. Whole cells retain good label for 6 weeks. CFDA-SE labeling is relatively easy, nontoxic to cells and nonradiocactive^[4].

In vitro lymphocyte cell proliferation analysis by CFDA-SE method is a reliable and practical choice for the assessment of mitogenic T lymphocyte responses in yet unclassified PID patients for targeting further genetical analyses^[5].When NM is detected by flow cytometry, FL1 detection channel CFDA-SE -labeled cells can be adopted, and fluorescence microscopy can also be used to observe CFDA-SE -labeled cells without staining adjacent cells ^[6].

CFDA-SE has been reported to be effective in labeling CD34+ cells, CD34+ cells isolated from fetal liver or thymus were labeled with CFDA-SE and were injected into a human thymus grafted subcutaneously in the RAG-2 / IL-2Rγ / mice. One to 4 weeks later the CFDA-SE label was found not only in T cells but also in CD123+/high CD4+CD45RA+ pDC2, indicating that the CD34+ cells can develop into pDC2 within a thymus. In addition to pDC2, CFDA-SE -labeled dendritic cells with a mature phenotype, determined by the cell surface markers CD11c, CD83, and CD80, were found in the injected human thymus graft. pDC2 was not found in the periphery of mice carrying a human thymic graft, indicating that the intrathymic pDC2 failed to emigrate from the thymus^[7]. In C57BL/6 mice，CFDA-SE, at 80 times the concentration used for in vitro labeling, was nontoxic and labeled randomly approximately 15% of thymocytes 24 h after injection. The turnover rate of labeled thymic emigrants in the lymph nodes was in the order of 21 days. Thus, CFDA-SE may serve as a powerful tool in relatively long-term migration studies^[8].

References:

[1]: Chen JC, Chang ML, et,al. A kinetic study of the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction by 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling. J Immunol Methods. 2003 Aug;279(1-2):123-33. doi: 10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00236-9. PMID: 12969553.

[2]: Lyons AB, Blake SJ, et,al. Flow cytometric analysis of cell division by dilution of CFSE and related dyes. Curr Protoc Cytom. 2013;Chapter 9:Unit9.11. doi: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0911s64. PMID: 23546777.

[3]: Wang XQ, Duan XM, et,al. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester fluorescent dye for cell labeling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2005 Jun;37(6):379-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00051.x. PMID: 15944752.

[4]: Gruber HE, Leslie KP, et,al. Optimization of 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester for labeling human intervertebral disc cells in vitro. Biotech Histochem. 2000 May;75(3):118-23. doi: 10.3109/10520290009066489. PMID: 10950173.

[5]: Azarsiz E, Karaca N, et,al. In vitro T lymphocyte proliferation by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester method is helpful in diagnosing and managing primary immunodeficiencies. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018 Jan;32(1):e22216. doi: 10.1002/jcla.22216. Epub 2017 Apr 6. PMID: 28383134; PMCID: PMC6816938.

[6]: Li X, Dancausse H, et,al. Labeling Schwann cells with CFSE-an in vitro and in vivo study. J Neurosci Methods. 2003 May 30;125(1-2):83-91. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(03)00044-x. PMID: 12763234.

[7]: Weijer K, Uittenbogaart CH, et,al. Intrathymic and extrathymic development of human plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors in vivo. Blood. 2002 Apr 15;99(8):2752-9. doi: 10.1182/blood.v99.8.2752. PMID: 11929763.

[8]: Graziano M, St-Pierre Y, et,al. The fate of thymocytes labeled in vivo with CFSE. Exp Cell Res. 1998 Apr 10;240(1):75-85. doi: 10.1006/excr.1997.3900. PMID: 9570923.