6-ECDCA-d4 (Synonyms: 6α-ethyl Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4,Obeticholic Acid-d4)

6-ECDCA-d₄ is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 6-ECDCA by GC- or LC-MS. 6-ECDCA is a synthetic bile acid that acts as a potent and selective agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR; EC₅₀ = 99 nM).^[1] Through FXR, it alters gene expression that results in protection against cholestasis, as well as liver fibrosis, in animal models.^1,2,3 6-ECDCA also, through FXR, promotes the differentiation of adipocytes and enhances insulin signaling in mature adipocytes.^[4] In ApoE^-/- mice, 6-ECDCA ameliorates vascular calcification secondary to chronic kidney disease without affecting the development of atherosclerosis.^[5]

References:
[1].Pellicciari, R., Fiorucci, S., Camaioni, E., et al.6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA), a potent and selective FXR agonist endowed with anticholestatic activityJ. Med. Chem.45(17)3569-3572(2002).
[2].Fiorucci, S., Clerici, C., Antonelli, E., et al.Protective effects of 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor ligand, in estrogen-induced cholestasisJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.313(2)604-612(2005).
[3].Fiorucci, S., Rizzo, G., Antonelli, E., et al.A farnesoid X receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosisJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.314(2)584-595(2005).
[4].Rizzo, G., Disante, M., Mencarelli, A., et al.The farnesoid X receptor promotes adipocyte differentiation and regulates adipose cell function in vivoMol. Pharmacol.70(4)1164-1173(2006).
[5].Miyazaki-Anzai, S., Levi, M., Kratzer, A., et al.Farnesoid X receptor activation prevents the development of vascular calcification in ApoE-/- mice with chronic kidney diseaseCirc. Res.106(12)1807-1817(2010).