Gap19 |
| Catalog No.GC17681 |
Gap19 (KQIEIKKFK) blocks HCs but not GJCs and is specific for Cx43.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 1507930-57-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Gap19 (KQIEIKKFK) blocks HCs but not GJCs and is specific for Cx43. Gap19 may resist myocardial ischemic injury[2]. Gap19 has a bimodal effect on Cx43 HC gating, decreasing gating to the fully open state while increasing substate gating, suggesting that Gap19 acts like a gating modifier on Cx43 HC.Gap19 disrupts the CT-CL interaction, thus making hc difficult to open[7].
Gap19, as a nonapeptide derived from the cytoplasmic loop of Cx43, inhibits astroglial Cx43 hemichannels in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting gap junction channels. This peptide, which not only selectively inhibits hemichannels but is also specific for Cx43[5].
When investigated the role of Gap19 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ventricle-injected Gap19 significantly alleviated infarct volume, neuronal cell damage and neurological deficits after ischemia, the neuroprotective effect of Gap19 was significant stronger than Gap26. Post-treatment with TAT-Gap19 still provided neuroprotection when it was administered intraperitoneally at 4 h after reperfusion[1]. Gap19 exerted a neuroprotective effect after stroke via inhibition of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway[4]. Treatment with Gap19 prevented metabolic inhibition-enhanced hemichannel openings, protected cardiomyocytes against volume overload and cell death following ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and modestly decreased the infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in mice in vivo[3]. Intra-TG injection of the mimetic peptide GAP19, which inhibits Cx43 hemichannel formation, greatly reduced TMJ-evoked MMemg activity in all CFA-inflamed groups, while activity in sham groups was not affected[6].
References:
[1]. Chen B, Yang L, et,al. Inhibition of Connexin43 hemichannels with Gap19 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull. 2019 Mar;146:124-135. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.009. Epub 2018 Dec 26. PMID: 30593877.
[2]. Wang JP, Yang ZT, et,al. L-carnosine inhibits neuronal cell apoptosis through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway after acute focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2013 Apr 24;1507:125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.032. Epub 2013 Feb 27. PMID: 23454231.
[3]. Wang N, De Vuyst E, et,al. Selective inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels by Gap19 and its impact on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol. 2013 Jan;108(1):309. doi: 10.1007/s00395-012-0309-x. Epub 2012 Nov 8. PMID: 23184389; PMCID: PMC3666173.
[4]. Chen Y, Wang L, et,al. Inhibition of Connexin 43 Hemichannels Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 Oct 17;12:372. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00372. PMID: 30386214; PMCID: PMC6199357.
[5]. Abudara V, Bechberger J, et,al. The connexin43 mimetic peptide Gap19 inhibits hemichannels without altering gap junctional communication in astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Oct 21;8:306. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00306. PMID: 25374505; PMCID: PMC4204617.
[6]. Ahmed F, Rahman M, et,al. Role of Connexin 43 in an Inflammatory Model for TMJ Hyperalgesia. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2021 Aug 3;2:715871. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2021.715871. PMID: 35295418; PMCID: PMC8915650.
[7]. Lissoni A, Wang N, et,al. Gap19, a Cx43 Hemichannel Inhibitor, Acts as a Gating Modifier That Decreases Main State Opening While Increasing Substate Gating. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 5;21(19):7340. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197340. PMID: 33027889; PMCID: PMC7583728.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Astrocyte cell |
Preparation Method | Concentration-dependent inhibition by Gap19 (30 min pre-incubation) of ATP release in cultured cortical astrocytes triggered by glutamate. |
Reaction Conditions | 0-104uM Gap19 for 30 min |
Applications | Gap19 (30 min treatment) inhibited glutamate-triggered ATP release (Figure 2A).Etd+ uptake was inhibited in the presence of Gap19 in a dose-dependent manner, with the peptide applied prior to (30 min) and during Etd+ uptake.Gap19 was without any effect on gap junctional communication in astrocytes which in culture express only Cx43. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Male ICR mice (25-30 g) |
Preparation Method | Animals were randomly divided into different groups as follows: (I) vehicle group (sham); (II) Gap19 treated vehicle group (Gap19 group); (III) I/R group; (IV) Gap26 treated I/R group (I/R + Gap26 group); (V) Gap19 treated I/R group (I/R + Gap19 group).10 µg Gap19/Gap26 in 10 µl ddH2O was injected in lateral ventricle (300 µg/kg body weight, i.c.v.). TAT-Gap19 was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (i.p.) in the post-treatment groups. |
Dosage form | 10 µg Gap19 |
Applications | When investigated the role of Gap19 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ventricle-injected Gap19 significantly alleviated infarct volume, neuronal cell damage and neurological deficits after ischemia, the neuroprotective effect of Gap19 was significant stronger than Gap26. Post-treatment with TAT-Gap19 still provided neuroprotection when it was administered intraperitoneally at 4 h after reperfusion. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 1507930-57-5 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | CC[C@]([C@@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](N)([H])CCCCN)([H])CCC(O)=N)([H])[C@@](CC)([H])C)([H])CCC(O)=O)([H])/C(O)=N/[C@@](/C(O)=N/[C@@](/C(O)=N/[C@@](/C(O)=N/[C@@](C(O)=O)([H])CCCCN)([H])CC1=CC=CC=C1)([H])CCCCN)([H])CCCCN)([H])C | ||
| Formula | C55H96N14O13 | M.Wt | 1161.45 |
| Solubility | ≥ 58.0725mg/mL in Water | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.861 mL | 4.305 mL | 8.6099 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.1722 mL | 0.861 mL | 1.722 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0861 mL | 0.4305 mL | 0.861 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 22 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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