Enterostatin

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat is a pentapeptide that reduces fat intake.

In the perfused ratpancreas, Enterostatin, at 100 mM, inhibits the insulin response to 9 mM glucose (by 70%), 0.1 mM tolbutamide (by 40%), and 5 mM arginine (by 70%)[1].

Chronically, enterostatin reduces fat intake, bodyweight, and body fat. This response may involve multiple metabolic effects of enterostatin, which include a reduction of insulin secretion, an increase in sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue, and the stimulation of adrenal corticosteroid secretion[2]. Enterostatin enhances memory consolidation after central or oral administration at a dose of 10 nmol/mouse or 300 mg/kg, respectively, in a step-through type passive avoidance test in mice[3]. A dose of 38 nmol of enterostatin gives a significant inhibition of high-fat food intake, while at a higher dose of 76 nmol the inhibiting effect is lost. During the first hour, after injection of enterostatin, there is even a slight increase in food intake[4].

References:
[1]. Silvestre RA, et al. Effect of enterostatin on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion in the perfused rat pancreas. Diabetes. 1996 Sep;45(9):1157-60.
[2]. Erlanson-Albertsson C, et al. Enterostatin--a peptide regulating fat intake. Obes Res. 1997 Jul;5(4):360-72.
[3]. Ohinata K, et al. Enterostatin (APGPR) enhances memory consolidation in mice. Peptides. 2007 Mar;28(3):719-21.
[4]. Sörhede M, et al. Enterostatin: a gut-brain peptide regulating fat intake in rat. J Physiol Paris. 1993;87(4):273-5.