ALW-II-41-27 (Synonyms: Eph receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor;)

ALW-II-41-27 is an Eph family tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 11 nM to inhibit Eph2^[1].

ALW-II-41-27(1μM;72 h) inhibited the proliferation of Erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines and increased cell apoptosis. ALW-II-41-27 induced apoptosis was accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 and PARP and a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-xL and MCL-1^[3]. ALW-II-41-27(200, 600 or 1,000 nM ALW-II-41-27; 24, 48 or 72 h) inhibited cervical cancer (CC) cell proliferation, migration and invasion by blocking the RhoA/ROCK pathway^[4]. ALW-II-41-27 inhibited pY772-EphA2 and EphA2-Y772A decreased the inhibitory effect of ALW-II-41-27 on NPC cell proliferation^[6]. Combined treatment with ALW-II-41-27 plus cetuximab reverted primary and acquired resistance to cetuximab, causing cell growth inhibition, inducing apoptosis and cell-cycle G1-G2 arrest^[7].

ALW-II-41-27(15 mg/kg;14 days; i.p.) significantly inhibited growth of the erlotinib-resistant tumors^[3]. Administration of ALW-II-41-27(15, 30 mg/kg;twice a day; i.p.)significantly inhibited H358 tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Histological analysis showed a significant increase in apoptosis in tumors treated with ALW-II-41-27 compared with those treated with NG-25 or the carrier, similar to the effect of genetic ablation of EPHA2^[2]. ALW-II-41-27 (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/kg; i.p.) decreased gastrointestinal motility and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores, markedly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers [4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2-de-axyguanine (8-OHdG)] and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and ICAM-1), and remarkably increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in serum and colon of Trichinella spiralis-infected mice^[5].

References:
[1]. Choi Y, Syeda F, et,al. Discovery and structural analysis of Eph receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 1;19(15):4467-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.029. Epub 2009 May 13. PMID: 19553108; PMCID: PMC2730633.
[2]. Amato KR, Wang S, et,al. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EPHA2 promotes apoptosis in NSCLC. J Clin Invest. 2014 May;124(5):2037-49. doi: 10.1172/JCI72522. Epub 2014 Apr 8. PMID: 24713656; PMCID: PMC4001547.
[3]. Amato KR, Wang S, et,al. EPHA2 Blockade Overcomes Acquired Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Res. 2016 Jan 15;76(2):305-18. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0717. Epub 2016 Jan 7. PMID: 26744526; PMCID: PMC4715957.
[4]. Li X, Li D, et,al.ALW-II-41-27, an EphA2 inhibitor, inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells via inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Oncol Lett. 2022 Apr;23(4):129. doi: 10.3892/ol.2022.13249. Epub 2022 Feb 18. PMID: 35251349; PMCID: PMC8895465.
[5]. Zeng L, Li K, et,al.A Novel EphA2 Inhibitor Exerts Beneficial Effects in PI-IBS in Vivo and in Vitro Models via Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Mar 27;9:272. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00272. PMID: 29662452; PMCID: PMC5890185.
[6]. Xiang YP, Xiao T, et,al. Y772 phosphorylation of EphA2 is responsible for EphA2-dependent NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth by Shp2/Erk-1/2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Aug 27;11(8):709. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02831-0. PMID: 32848131; PMCID: PMC7449971.
[7]. Martini G, Cardone C, et,al. EPHA2 Is a Predictive Biomarker of Resistance and a Potential Therapeutic Target for Improving Antiepidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2019 Apr;18(4):845-855. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-0539. Epub 2019 Mar 1. PMID: 30824612.