SP2509 also known as HCI-2509 is a small low molecular weight organic compound that can enter into cells and interact with the biological targets .It is used as research tool to study various diseases and biological processes including cancer , inflammation and neurological disorders .

Drugs including calcium channel blockers, excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists and free radical scavengers are used for the prevention and treatment of ischemic CVDs such as strokes. Such drugs have side effects as well.

2,3,5,4′- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (TSG)（GC26316）, identified as the most prevalent bioactive constituent derived from Polygonum multiflorum (Heshouwu), a traditional Chinese herb. TSG is a polyphenol compound that implies numerous antioxidative, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor aspects of pharmacological actions. TSG was primarily found to be distributed in the liver after oral administration by investigating the distribution of Polygonum multiflorum characteristic elements in animal models. Moreover, comparing treated PM with raw PM indicates that raw PM exhibits much more severe hepatotoxicity than treated one, assuming that a higher concentration of TSG in raw PM probably be a toxic constituent of PM.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) chemical formula C6H13NO4 and molecular weight of 163.17 g/mol, is a type of indigenous alkaloid examined in mulberry leaves, insects, and the culture broth of some microbes as a product of secondary metabolites such as Commelina communis, and bacterial strains including Bacillus and Streptomyces species. As a representative iminopyranose, 1-Deoxynojirimycin exhibits α-glucosidase inhibitor activity along with anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antioxidant properties employed for several applications.

Pembrolizumab, marketed under the brand name Keytruda, is a monoclonal antibody used in cancer immunotherapy. It targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, a critical checkpoint in the immune system.