Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22) (Synonyms: Flagellin 22)

Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22), a fragment of bacterial flagellin, is an effective elicitor in both plants and algae^[1].

Flagelin 22 is a 22-amino-acid peptide, which corresponds to the highly conserved N-terminal region of flagellin, can induce immunity reaction in various plants such as tomato , potato , tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, Flagelin 22 significantly induces growth inhibition of algae at a concentration of 1 μM^[1]. Treatment of tobacco cells with 200 nMFlagelin 22 induced the production of 13 metabolites. Compared with other microbial-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules and plant hormones, Flagelin 22-treated cells produced a unique metabolite, feruloyltyrosine glycoside isomer 3 ^[2]. Flagelin 22 (100 nM) activates triggered immunity (PTI) in plants leading to a decrease in the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the growth-promoting hormone brassinosteroid (BR)^[3].

References:
[1] Bojun Lu, et al. Defense responses in female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyta) induced by flg22-derived peptides. Journal of Applied Phycology (2016), 28(3), 1793-1801.
[2] Mhlongo M I, Piater L A, Madala N E, et al. Phenylpropanoid defences in Nicotiana tabacum cells: Overlapping metabolomes indicate common aspects to priming responses induced by lipopolysaccharides, chitosan and flagellin-22[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3): e0151350.
[3] Jiménez-Góngora T, Kim SK, Lozano-Durán R, Zipfel C. Flg22-Triggered Immunity Negatively Regulates Key BR Biosynthetic Genes. Front Plant Sci. 2015 Nov 9;6:981.