Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (Synonyms: DPI) |
| Catalog No.GC12520 |
El cloruro de difenilenoiodonio (DPI) (DPIC), como inhibidor de la NADH/NADPH oxidasa, posee una potente actividad antimicrobiana contra Mtb y S. aureus.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 4673-26-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) chloride (DPIC), as a NADH/NADPH oxidase inhibitor, has possessing potent antimicrobial activity against Mtb and S. aureus[1].
In vitro efficacy test it shown that DPIC was equi-potently effective against drug-resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus with MIC of 0.5-1 mg/L as compared to S. aureus ATCC 29213. DPIC has no obvious potency against gram-negative bacteria with MIC ranging from 4-32 mg/L. DPIC also has potent antimicrobial activity against H37Rv with MIC of 0.39 µM or 0.12 mg/L[1]. In vitro, with 0.1 mM DPIC inhibits fungal spore germination and bacterial cell proliferation[2]. In vitro, treatment with 10 µM Diphenyleneiodonium chloride, DPI has strongest inhibition against neutrophil extracellular trap creation[3]. In vitro test it exhibited that treatment with 0.5-4 µM DPI in HCT116 cells decrease in G1 and increase in S phase cells. In addition, DPI treatment (0.5 µM DPI for 3 days) induces senescence of MCF-7 cells[4].
In vivo test it demonstrated that rat were administrated with 1 mg/kg DPI subcutaneously maybe protect against the functional and neurohistological damage of bupivacaine-blocked sciatic nerves in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN model[5]. In vivo, treatment with 5 mg/kg DPI intraperitoneally in Sprague-Dawley rats, there was obvious reduction in the intracellular ROS, the number of inflammatory cells, and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in BALF compared with LPS-treated rats[6].
References:
[1] Pandey M, et al. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPIC) displays broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 14;7(1):11521.
[2] Jung B, et al. Efficacy of Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride (DPIC) Against Diverse Plant Pathogens. Mycobiology. 2019 Jan 14;47(1):105-111.
[3] Ostafin M, et al. Different procedures of diphenyleneiodonium chloride addition affect neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Anal Biochem. 2016 Sep 15;509:60-66.
[4] Piszczatowska K, et al. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidases Activity by Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride as a Mechanism of Senescence Induction in Human Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Dec 8;9(12):1248.
[5] Ji ZH, et al. Diphenyleneiodonium Mitigates Bupivacaine-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage in a Diabetic Neuropathy Rat Model by Attenuating Oxidative Stress. Anesth Analg. 2017 Aug;125(2):653-661.
[6] Kim SK, et al. Protective effects of diphenyleneiodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019 Feb;46(2):153-162.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
MG-63 cells |
|
Preparation Method |
Permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of MG-63 cells was achieved by exposing the cells to 12 µM digitonin for 10 min. Permeabilized MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of DPI (0.625 µM, 1.25 µM, 2.5 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM) and 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the control. |
|
Reaction Conditions |
0.625 µM, 1.25 µM, 2.5 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM; 30 min |
|
Applications |
After 30 min of treatment, mitochondrial respiration with glutamate/malate (substrates of complex I) decreased with increasing DPI concentrations (0.625-100 M), reaching its minimum at approx. 5 µM DPI. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
|
Animal models |
female BALB/c mice (18-20 gm) |
|
Preparation Method |
Mice were rendered neutropenic by a series of cyclophosphamide injections given intraperitoneally (IP) 1 day and 1 h before infection. This was followed by injection of S. aureus ATCC 29213 in the right thigh of mice to establish infection. After 3 h post infection, DPI chloride (DPIC) and vancomycin at 1 mg/Kg and 25 mg/Kg of body weight respectively, were injected IP into mice twice at an interval of 3 h between injections. Control animals were administered saline in the same volume and frequency as those receiving treatment. After 24 h, the mice were sacrificed, thigh tissue were collected from the animal and weighed. |
|
Dosage form |
1 mg/Kg; i.p. |
|
Applications |
Treatment with DPI chloride significantly reduced mean bacterial counts in thigh compared to control group, which is comparable to vancomycin. Vancomycin at 25 mg/Kg caused a reduction of ~1 log10 cfu while DPI chloride at 1 mg/Kg caused a reduction of ~1.2 log10 cfu in 24 h as compared to no-drug control. |
|
References: [1] Zavadskis S, et al. Effect of Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride on Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism with Emphasis on NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondria in Two Therapeutically Relevant Human Cell Types. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Dec 23;13(1):10. | |
| Cas No. | 4673-26-1 | SDF | |
| Sinónimos | DPI | ||
| Chemical Name | dodecahydrodibenzo[b,d]iodol-5-ium chloride | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C12C(CCCC3)C3[I+]C1CCCC2.[Cl-] | ||
| Formula | C12H8ClI | M.Wt | 314.55 |
| Solubility | 500 µg/ml in DMSO, <100 µg/ml in Ethanol, <100 µg/ml in Methanol | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.1791 mL | 15.8957 mL | 31.7914 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6358 mL | 3.1791 mL | 6.3583 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3179 mL | 1.5896 mL | 3.1791 mL |
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Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 32 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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