Nonactin, Monactin, and Dinactin Mixture

Nonactin, monactin, and dinactin mixture is a macrotetralide antibiotic.1 This product is a mixture of the macrotetralide antibiotic homologs nonactin, monactin , and dinactin that all act as ionophores for monovalent cations.2,3,4,5,6,7 Nonactin is a mitochondrial membrane uncoupler and an inhibitor of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT; IC50s = 4.4, 3.3, 4.7, and 3.3 µM for recombinant human ANT1-4, respectively).8,9 It selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells and induces tumor regression in mouse xenograft models expressing mutant β-catenin over cancer cells and xenografts expressing wild-type β-catenin.8 Monactin induces swelling of rat liver mitochondria in medium containing either potassium or sodium, stimulates respiration, and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation.10 It also inhibits Wnt signaling via inhibition of TCF-β-catenin transcriptional activity.11 Dinactin inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro and reduces pulmonary eosinophilia in antigen-challenged mice.12