Irsogladine maleate (Dicloguamine maleate)

Irsogladine is a PDE4 inhibitor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binder.Target: PDE4; mACHRIrsogladine treatment (300 and 500 mg/kg/day) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of angiogenesis in wild-type mice by 21 and 45.3% (P < 0.02, P < 0.001), in tPA-deficient mice by 42.6 and 46% (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and in uPA-deficient mice by 27.2 and 46% (P < 0.05, p < 0.001), respectively. Irsogladine inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis in wild-type, tPA-knockout, and uPA-knockout mice [1]. Irsogladine up-regulates GJIC between PC cells via regulation of the PKA pathway. It also suggests a useful adjuvant of Irsogladine to pancreatic cancer therapy [2]. irsogladine produces the increase of intracellular cAMP content via non-selective inhibition of PDE isozymes, which may be a key mechanism involved in its gastroprotective actions [3].

[1]. Ren, C.J., et al., Irsogladine maleate inhibits angiogenesis in wild-type and plasminogen activator-deficient mice. J Surg Res, 1998. 77(2): p. 126-31. [2]. Kawasaki, Y., et al., Irsogladine malate up-regulates gap junctional intercellular communication between pancreatic cancer cells via PKA pathway. Pancreas, 2002. 25(4): p. 373-7. [3]. Kyoi, T., et al., Phosphodiesterase inhibition by a gastroprotective agent irsogladine: preferential blockade of cAMP hydrolysis. Life Sci, 2004. 75(15): p. 1833-42.