Valinomycin (Synonyms: NSC 122023) |
| Catalog No.GC16948 |
Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which is obtained from several Streptomyces strains.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 2001-95-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which is obtained from several Streptomyces strains. Valinomycin functions as a potassium-specific transporter and promotes the movement of K+ through lipid membranes. Excessive K+ efflux is an ionic mechanism underlying apoptosis.It can be used as uncoupling agent to induce depolarization[1-3].
Valinomycin(1-100µM;12-24 h) treated CHO cells underwent an apoptotic event due to potassium efflux[4]. Valinomycin (2 nM) induced energy-dependent mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, cytosolic NADH/cytochrome c oxidation and apoptosis[5]. Neurite formation and membrane changes of mouse neuroblastoma cells induced by valinomycin(100 µM) [6].
Incorporation of valinomycin into multilamellar liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline:cholesterol:phosphatidyl serine (10:4:1 M ratio) results in a profound reduction in toxicity with maintainence of antitumor efficacy in mice, the LD50 for liposome incorporated valinomycin (MVL-VM) is in excess of 50 mg/kg[7].
References:
[1]. Varma S, Sabo D, ,et,al. K+/Na+ selectivity in K channels and valinomycin: over-coordination versus cavity-size constraints. J Mol Biol. 2008 Feb 8;376(1):13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.11.059. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PMID: 18155244; PMCID: PMC2390915.
[2]. Daniele RP, Holian SK. A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3599-602. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3599. PMID: 1068473; PMCID: PMC431165.
[3]. Berezin SK. Valinomycin as a Classical Anionophore: Mechanism and Ion Selectivity. J Membr Biol. 2015 Aug;248(4):713-26. doi: 10.1007/s00232-015-9784-y. Epub 2015 Mar 4. PMID: 25736817.
[4]. Abdalah R, Wei L, ,et,al. Valinomycin-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Sep 11;405(1-2):68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.055. Epub 2006 Jul 20. PMID: 16857314.
[5]. Lofrumento DD, La Piana G, ,et,al. Valinomycin induced energy-dependent mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, cytosolic NADH/cytochrome c oxidation and apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2011 Oct;16(10):1004-13. doi: 10.1007/s10495-011-0628-7. PMID: 21739274.
[6]. Koike T. Neurite formation and membrane changes of mouse neurobalstoma cells induced by valinomycin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Jun 2;509(3):429-39. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90237-7. PMID: 656419.
[7]. Daoud SS, Juliano RL. Reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor effects in mice of the ionophoric drug valinomycin when incorporated in liposomes. Cancer Res. 1986 Nov;46(11):5518-23. PMID: 3756900.
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Cell experiment [1]: |
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Cell lines |
CHO cells |
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Preparation method |
Valinomycin is added into the culture medium. |
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Reaction Conditions |
1-100μM;12-24 h |
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Applications |
100 μM valinomycin caused 77% and 86% cell death at 12 h and 24 h, respectively. |
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References: [1]. Abdalah R, Wei L,et,al. Valinomycin-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Sep 11;405(1-2):68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.055. Epub 2006 Jul 20. PMID: 16857314. |
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| Cas No. | 2001-95-8 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | NSC 122023 | ||
| Chemical Name | (3S,6R,9R,12S,15S,18S,21R,24R,27R,30R,33R,36S)-3,6,9,15,18,21,27,30,33-nonaisopropyl-12,24,36-trimethyl-1,7,13,19,25,31-hexaoxa-4,10,16,22,28,34-hexaazacyclohexatriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-dodecaone | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C([C@@H](C(C)C)OC([C@@H](C(C)C)NC1=O)=O)N[C@@H](C(O[C@H](C)C(N[C@@H](C(O[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(O[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](C(O[C@@H](C(N[C@H](C(O[C@H]1C)=O)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)=O)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)=O)C(C)C | ||
| Formula | C54H90N6O18 | M.Wt | 1111.32 |
| Solubility | DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 5 mg/ml,Ethanol: 10 mg/ml | Storage | Store at -20°C,protect from light |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.8998 mL | 4.4992 mL | 8.9983 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.18 mL | 0.8998 mL | 1.7997 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.09 mL | 0.4499 mL | 0.8998 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
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Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 28 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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